惯性颗粒所见被动标量统计特性的DNS与模型研究

本文采用DNS方法,对惯性颗粒所见各向同性湍流中具有平均标量梯度的被动标量场统计特性进行了研究。结果表明：惯性对颗粒温度脉动强度,两相温度关联,自相关特性以及颗粒热流与两相交叉热流的统计特性具有明显的影响。在PDF方法的框架下,系统地推导了非等温气固两相流的PDF方程,且基于朗之万随机体系对方程进行了封闭,并利用前面的...     

基于弱相干态光源的非正交编码被动诱骗态量子密钥分配

基于改造的弱相干态光源,提出了一种非正交编码被动诱骗态量子密钥分配方案.该方案不主动制备诱骗态,而是根据发送端探测器是否响应,将接收端的探测结果分为响应集合和未响应集合,以此分别作为信号态和诱骗态,并利用这两个集合来估计参量和生成密钥.数值仿真表明,非正交编码被动诱骗态方案的密钥生成效率和安全传输距离都优于现有的被动诱骗态方案,且性能非常接近主动无穷诱骗态方案的理论极限值;未响应集合对密钥生成的参与使方案性能免受发送端探测效率的影响,弥补了实际探测器探测效率低下的缺陷;由于不需要主动制备诱骗态,该方案实现非常简单,适用于高速量子密钥分配的场合. 关键词： 量子光学 量子密钥分配 被动诱骗态 密钥生成效率     

Assessment of fast and thermal neutron ambient dose equivalents around the KFUPM neutron source storage area using nuclear track detectors

A set of five ²⁴¹Am–Be neutron sources are utilized in research and teaching at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Three of these sources have an activity of 16 Ci each and the other two are of 5 Ci each. A well-shielded storage area was designed for these sources. The aim of the study is to check the effectiveness of shielding of the KFUPM neutron source storage area. Poly allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) Nuclear track detectors (NTDs) based fast and thermal neutron area passive dosimeters have been utilized side by side for 33 days to assess accumulated low ambient dose equivalents of fast and thermal neutrons at 30 different locations around the source storage area and adjacent rooms. Fast neutron measurements have been carried out using bare NTDs, which register fast neutrons through recoils of protons, in the detector material. NTDs were mounted with lithium tetra borate (Li₂B₄O₇) converters on their surfaces for thermal neutron detection via and nuclear reactions. The calibration factors of NTD both for fast and thermal neutron area passive dosimeters were determined using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) with and without a polyethylene moderator. The calibration factors for fast and thermal neutron area passive dosimeters were found to be 1.33 proton tracks and 31.5 alpha tracks , respectively. The results show variations of accumulated dose with the locations around the storage area. The fast neutron dose equivalents rates varied from as low as up to whereas those for thermal neutron ranged from as low as up to . The study indicates that the area passive neutron dosimeter was able to detect dose rates as low as 7 and from accumulated dose for thermal and fast neutrons, respectively, which were not possible to detect with the available active neutron dosimeters.     

Studies on Nd:YAG Single-pass Amplifiers for High-power Q-switched Laser System

The output of Nd∶YAG single-pass laser amplifiers is studied analytically and experimentally. Methods of analysis for single-pass Nd∶YAG laser amplifier are presented. A flashlamp-pumped Q-switched Nd∶YAG oscillator/amplifier laser system has been developed with the average output power of 121.5 W.     

漩涡阻止器水力性能的PIV试验分析及其机理研究

漩涡阻止器是用来防止或减少漩涡发生的特殊装置,它具有特殊的几何形状,能够优化水力机械内部的流动。在水泵吸水池内部,尤其在吸入口的周围存在着较大的漩涡,在吸入口的下方,安装一个“T”型的漩涡阻止器,应用PIV技术测出安装漩涡阻止器前后吸水池内部的流场分布,并对其流动特性进行深入分析,证明了该阻止器能够有效的减小漩涡发生。对这种“T”型漩涡阻止器的作用过程进行深入的研究发现,能够用摩阻理论来解释它的作用机理。     

Interruptible Exact Sampling in the Passive Case

We establish, for various scenarios, whether or not interruptible exact stationary sampling is possible when a finite-state Markov chain can only be viewed passively. In particular, we prove that such sampling is not possible using a single copy of the chain. Such sampling is possible when enough copies of the chain are available, and we provide an algorithm that terminates with probability one.     

跨音速翼型上的激波／边界层干扰自适应控制计算

在激波区使用自适应壁对跨音速翼型的激波／边界层的相互作用（干扰）进行控制，可改变机翼的气动性能，这种被动控制可通过在翼型的激波区开一凹腔，其上覆盖一弹性橡胶膜柔壁来，本文给出用Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｒ方程数值模拟这一自适应控制翼型的跨音速粘性绕流，提出了一个适应于本特殊情况（物面边界局部地区在求解过程中有变化）的处理办法。并探讨了自适应柔壁对当代跨音速翼绕流的影响。     

充分发展湍流场中Pr数对被动标量输运的影响

采用直接数值模拟方法,研究壁湍流中分子Pr数对湍流被动标量输运的影响.发现在槽道湍流的外层,湍流雷诺平均普朗特数PrT与分子普朗特数的倒数呈线性关系;湍流亚格子普朗特数PrT与分子普朗特数的关系较为复杂,在分子普朗特数为1附近时,湍流亚格子Prt数出现极小值.     

人类活体颈椎生物力学性能测试仪器的研制

颈部疼痛和运动障碍是人类的常见病症。不管起因如何，受伤和退化将使颈椎的力学性能发生变化。由于颈椎的生理结构复杂。描述其在三维坐标系的运动状态需要3个平移参数和3个转角参数。为此，我们在颈椎运动力学性能研究时做如下的力学模型简化；把人体的胸部和头部看成是两个刚体，它们之间仅由颈椎相连，当人体的胸部被固定时，头部做曲伸，旋转，侧弯运动，简化为头部绕第一胸椎（T1）的转动。为实现这一运动，我们研制了一套专用的测试装置。测试者接受的是被动测试，头部的旋转是由扭力扳手产生的，当扭力扳手对某轴施加一力偶时，就向被试者头部传递了一力矩T，而此力矩可通过安装在扭力扳后上的力传感器将信号传递到应变仪上测出；头部在这力矩作用下的转角θ则由安装于测试装置上的转角指示器显示，我们分别对四位受试者进行了测试，得到了对应的T-θ曲线图。测试表明，尽管受试个体间存在着特异性，但也能找到一些明显的规律。例如每个受试者颈椎旋转的运动角度要大于其它的几种运动。     

Modeling of isothermal processes in porous materials on the basis of the concept of an ensemble of pores

A class of models of porous media based on the concept of an ensemble of pores with a certain distribution of the main geometric parameters (for example, the pore size) is considered. The cases of pores saturated with single-and two-phase multicomponent liquid mixtures are investigated. The properties of equilibrium states of the mixture are derived from the minimum free energy condition and the transfer laws from the decreasing free energy condition. The hydrodynamic connectivity of the pores is described by two types of kernels: one describes the spatial connectivity and the other the connectivity in an elementary macrovolume. Analytically and numerically, the one-dimensional problems of establishment of a steady-state regime, propagation of a passive admixture, and two-phase flow (an analog of the Buckley-Leverett problem) are investigated. A relationship between the models in question and relaxational filtration models is demonstrated. A simple model of capillary hysteresis related with the non-monotonicity of the pore area to volume ratio function is proposed.